Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit DesignWe live in a time of great change. In the electronics world, the last several decades have seen unprecedented growth and advancement, described by Moores law. This observation stated that transistor density in integrated circuits doubles every 1. 52 years. This came with the simultaneous improvement of individual device perf mance as well as the reduction of device power such that the total power of the resulting ICs remained under control. No trend