Ballots and Barricades: Class Formation and Republican Politics in France, 1830-1871Using class analysis to understand the dynamics of political conflict in mid nineteenth century France, Ronald Aminzade explores political activity among workers in three industrialized French cities Toulouse, Saint tienne, and Rouen. A comparative case study design enables the author to analyze how the complex interaction between industrialization, class relations, and party development fostered revolutionary communes in some cities but not others.