23-02: What Went Wrong with my Mass Balance: Calculation of EvaporationWater conservation is becoming increasingly important. In some cases, facilities are being driven to zero blowdown or zero liquid discharge (ZLD). These constraints impose limitations on the amount of makeup water that can be utilized. A major component of the makeup is evaporation of water from the cooling tower. The rule of thumb often employed (Equation 1) is inaccurate and insufficient for predictive and planning purposes. In fact, evaporation can