Religious Liberties: Anti-Catholicism and Liberal Democracy in Nineteenth-Century U.S. Literature and CultureIn the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Catholicism was often presented in the U. S. not only as a threat to Protestantism but also as an enemy of democracy. Focusing on literary and cultural representations of Catholics as a political force, Elizabeth Fenton argues that the U. S. perception of religious freedom grew partly, and paradoxically, out of a sometimes virulent but often genteel anti Catholicism. Depictions of Catholicism's imagined