Citizens, Immigrants, and the StatelessFrom the 1920s to the eve of the Pacific War in 1941, more than 50,000 young second generation Japanese Americans (Nisei) embarked on transpacific journeys to the Japanese Empire, putting an ocean between themselves and pervasive anti Asian racism in the American West. Born U. S. citizens but treated as unwelcome aliens, this contingent of Japanese Americansone in four U. S. born Niseicame in search of better lives but instead encountered a world